Strategy to address future challenges in intravenous therapy
"Vascular access devices, including peripheral intravenous catheters, are widely utilized for intravenous therapy in hospitals; however, they are associated with risks and complications. Nearly 50% of these catheters are removed in an unplanned manner, which exacerbates the problem of catheter-associated bloodstream infections, leading to serious consequences such as increased mortality and higher hospital costs" Rodríguez-Calero et al (2025).